The range of such discourse was aoplified with the transition from British to American world hegemony.The American agencies had resisted and eventually defeated the cartel practices of the old ring combination,of which Reuters was the cynosure.The Am

The range of such discourse was aoplified with the transition from British to American world hegemony.The American agencies had resisted and eventually defeated the cartel practices of the old ring combination,of which Reuters was the cynosure.The Am
The range of such discourse was aoplified with the transition from British to American world hegemony.The American agencies had resisted and eventually defeated the cartel practices of the old ring combination,of which Reuters was the cynosure.The American agencies propagated effectively the models of both co-operative and private ownership which,they claimed,would guarantee unbiased news (see,for example,Cooper,1942).They preached the Department,and which contributed to the formation of the `free flow of information` doctrine later adopted by the UN,and which informed the UN`s activity in the sphere of communications (Schiller,1976).In practice,it has been argued,the doctrine supported the rights of western media,especially those of the US,UK and France,to continue distributing their media products throughout the world,while most countries of the world lacked the means to establish any kind of reciprocity of influence.Even national agencies in the communist block,set up for the purpose of preventing the intrusion of western ideas,still subscribed to the services of the major western agencies.
The UN,through UNESCO,consistently endeavoured to encourage the spread and development of national news agencies,and of news-exchange arrangements between them,especially during the great wave of independence in Africa during the 1960s.Setting up a national news agency became one of the essential things,part of the `script`,of what it meant to be a `nation`.Through a national news agency,a state could lay down information links domestically and internationally which would facilitate the generation and exchange of news.National news agencies became the natural local business partners for the western-based international agencies:they provided a conduit,albebit government controlled,through which international news could be funnelled to local media,and domestic news released to the wider world.All this was assumed to contribute to national formation and national development although these assumptions were rarely tested.

The range of such discourse was aoplified with the transition from British to American world hegemony.The American agencies had resisted and eventually defeated the cartel practices of the old ring combination,of which Reuters was the cynosure.The Am
种话语范围aoplified与从英国转移到美国的世界霸主地位.美国机构一直拒绝,并最终击败了老环组合,其中路透社是北极星的卡特尔行为.美国传播机构既合作和私有制的,他们声称,将保证（例如,库珀,1942年见）不带偏见的新闻有效的模式.他们宣扬之处,并促进了信息的``后来被联合国正式通过自由流动原则的形成,并通知联合国单曲在通信领域（席勒,1976年）的活动.在实践中,有人认为,这个学说支持了西方媒体的权利,尤其是美国,英国和法国,继续在世界各地发行自己的媒体产品,而世界上大多数国家缺乏手段,建立任何形式的互惠的影响.在共产主义块设置防止静止订阅了西方主要机构的服务西方的观念,入侵的目的,即便国家机构.
通过教科文组织,联合国,一直致力鼓励,特别是在非洲具有独立的浪潮在1960年代的蔓延和国家新闻机构的发展,以及它们之间的新闻交换安排.设立一个国家通讯社成为一种基本的东西,`的`脚本的一部分,它是什么意思是一个'国家'.通过了国家新闻社,一国可以放下信息的链接国内和国际这将有利于产生和新闻交流.国家新闻机构成为西部的国际机构的天然当地的商业伙伴：他们提供了一个渠道,albebit政府控制的,通过它可以漏斗国际新闻当地媒体报道,新闻发布和国内的广阔世界.这一切都被假定为促进国家的形成和国家发展虽然很少测试这些假设.