倒装句的知识能不能提供一些呀
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倒装句的知识能不能提供一些呀
倒装句的知识能不能提供一些呀
倒装句的知识能不能提供一些呀
一、全部倒装
1.以here, there, now,
then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子的主语之前.这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词.如:
Here comes the train!
There goes the bell!
注意:如果句子的主语是人称代词,则不能使用倒装结构.如:
Here it comes! / There it goes!
2.有些动词短语以副词out,in,up,down,away等结尾,构成不及物动词短语.这时,为了使句子更形象,常将这些副词提前到句首.这时,句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面,构成全部倒装.(注意,这时句子的主语也必须是名词.如果是人称代词,也不能使用倒装结构.)如:
Up went the rocket.
Up it went.
3.为了强调表示地点的介词短语,常将这个介词短语放在句首,构成全部倒装.注意,这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词.如:
In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
4.表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装.如:
Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.
5.so/neither/nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者,其倒装结构为“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义).如:
She has finished her homework,so has her brother.
She hasn’t gone there, neither/nor has he.
但如果so表示强调, 即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时,
其结构是“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”,这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物.如:
She knows little English,so she does. 她英语懂得不多.她的确如此.
二.部分倒装
1.用于疑问句中.如:
How did you do that?
Did you see the film yesterday?
2.用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中.如果我们将连词if省略,应把were, had,
should提到主语前面.如:
If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.
→Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
3.用于as引导的让步状语从句中.as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种形式:
1) 副词置于句首.如:
Much as I like it (=Although I like it very much), I
will not buy it.
2) 动词原形置于句首.如?
Wait as you may(=Although you may wait), he will not
see you.
3) 形容词或名词置于句首.如:
Proud as the nobles are (=Although the nobles are
proud), they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can
tell right from wrong.
注意:如果名词前有形容词修饰时,as 引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词.如:
A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a
bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
4.具有否定意义的副词或连词(not,hardly,no sooner, not until,
seldom,not once,at no time,never,little等) 置于句首时,
句子(主句)采用部分倒装.如:
Little do we know about him.
No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell
asleep.
Seldom does he come back on Sundays.
Not until he came back did I know about it.
5.only修饰句子的状语(从句)位于句首时,句子(主句)要用部分倒装.如:
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
Only when a child grows up does he understand his
parents’ intentions.
但如果only修饰的是句子的其它成分,则无需倒装.如:
Only socialism can save China.
(only修饰的是句子的主语,故仍用正常语序.)
6.not only…but also… 连接两个并列分句时,第一个分句应使用部分倒装.如:
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he
often helps others with their lessons.
7.so…that结构中的倒装.有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so
连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首.这时,主句要用倒装结构.如:
He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.
→So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.
He is so clever that he can work out all the
difficult problems in the book.
→So clever is he that he can work out all the
difficult problems in the book. (全部倒装)
当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序(the natural order).在某些情况下,我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面,这种词序叫做倒装( the inverted order).
倒装分两种:配合语法条例的倒装,叫“grammatical inversion”;配合强调语势的叫“emphatic inversion”.
语法上的倒装句是强制性的,包括下列 7 种:
⒈疑问句,如:
● Can you do it?
● How old are you?
● When did you know him?
● Why did you elect him as captain?
● Which of these apples do you prefer?
但疑问代词做主语时,不必倒置,如:
● Who is your English teacher?
● What happened last night?
⒉表示“愿望”的句子,如:
● May God bless you.
● Long live the king!
⒊“There”引导的句子,如:
● There are many cars on the road.
● There stand some big trees near the river.
● There is a security guard outside the bank.
⒋感叹句,如:
● How beautiful the flower is!
● What a smart boy you are!
⒌有连接词“so, neither, nor”的句子,如:
● Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I.
● She can't sing; neither can he.
● John has never been late; nor have I.
⒍省略连词“if”的条件副词分句,如:
● Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
● Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.
● Had you worked harder, you would have passed.
⒎“as, however”连接的让步副词分句,如:
● Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon.
● However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly.
谈过了语法上的倒装句,现在谈强调的倒装句.
● Never have I seen such a wicked man.
● On no account must this employee be removed.
● Not until he told me had I heard anything of it.
● No sooner had I left than the rain came.
● Up jumped the puppy.
● In came John.
● Down fell the rotten branches from the tree.
● Out came a woman and her maid.