英语翻译For the measures of reliability,test-retest is hard to do,so surveyors often use a measure of internal consistency instead.However,this requires multiple questions that seek to measure the same idea,making the survey longer and somewhat r

英语翻译For the measures of reliability,test-retest is hard to do,so surveyors often use a measure of internal consistency instead.However,this requires multiple questions that seek to measure the same idea,making the survey longer and somewhat r
英语翻译
For the measures of reliability,test-retest is hard to do,so surveyors often use a measure of internal consistency instead.However,this requires multiple questions that seek to measure the same idea,making the survey longer and somewhat repetitive.When this approach is used,the Cronbach’s alpha statistic measuring inter-item correlation is often the basis for measured reliability.Groups of questions that yield high alpha values,such as 0.7 or higher are preferred.
Validity measures are trickier.Criterion validity can be measured using an independent comparison.For example,a survey instrument intended to assess a firm’s quality practice using Baldrige criteria could be completed by a sample of Baldrige participants and winners and the scores from your instrument compared to their actual Baldrige scores.Content validity is often determined best by experts.The quickest way to do this is to review the relevant literature to make sure everything is covered correctly.Construct validity is measured using a statistical test called factor analysis,which uses the actual survey results to assess how well different measured concepts are differentiated.For example,factor analysis of a Baldrige pilot survey should group together by responses all of the questions related to leadership and not mix them with questions related to process measurement.
Given all of these requirements,survey instrument development usually starts with many more questions than expected in the final version.Pilot sample studies narrow the questions down to those that produce the best reliability and validity.

英语翻译For the measures of reliability,test-retest is hard to do,so surveyors often use a measure of internal consistency instead.However,this requires multiple questions that seek to measure the same idea,making the survey longer and somewhat r
对这些措施的可靠性、test-retest很难做,所以经常使用的一个衡量标准测量内部一致性来代替.但是,这需要各种各样的问题,寻求来衡量同样的想法,以调查长,有些重复.当这种方法使用,量表的阿尔法统计测量inter-item通常是依据相关测量方法的可靠性.群体的问题,会产生高阿尔法的价值观,例如0.7或更高的优先考虑.
措施有效性问题更为棘手.标准有效性测量可以使用一个独立的比较.例如,一个调查旨在评估一个仪器公司的质量标准在实践中运用波多里奇能够完成由一个样本的波多里奇参与者和获奖者和分数相比,从你的工具实际波多里奇的分数.内容效度往往是决定最好的专家.最快的方法是复习相关文献,以确保一切都是正确的.测量建构效利用统计测试被称为因素分析,采用实际调查结果,评价不同测量概念厘清.例如,因子分析的波多里奇飞行员应该在一起调查小组反应相关的所有问题,而不是把它们领导过程测量问题相关.
给所有这些要求,测量仪器发展始于比预期更多的问题在最终版本中.试验研究了样品缩小问题给那些得到最好的信度和效度