英语翻译Although the share of textiles and clothing in total merchandise exports has fallen steadily from 1980 onwards,as other industrial sectors developed,these products still accounted for almost one-quarter of Chinese merchandise exports at t

英语翻译Although the share of textiles and clothing in total merchandise exports has fallen steadily from 1980 onwards,as other industrial sectors developed,these products still accounted for almost one-quarter of Chinese merchandise exports at t
英语翻译
Although the share of textiles and clothing in total merchandise exports has fallen steadily from 1980 onwards,as other industrial sectors developed,these products still accounted for almost one-quarter of Chinese merchandise exports at the start of the new millennium.However,structural changes have occurred in the composition of these exports.Up to about 1987,textile exports were about 50 per cent larger than clothing exports.After 1992,however,clothing exports became about twice as important as textiles.These trade flows have contributed to China earning a substantial surplus of US$38 billion on trade in textiles and clothing in 2000,a surplus that has more than trebled since 1990 mostly accounted for by clothing exports.In contrast,the United States and the European Union both show substantial trade deficits on trade in textiles and clothing.These results are all the more remarkable given that Chinese exports had been constrained by the MFA which China joined in 1984,some two years before beginning negotiations to the GATT.As Zhong and Yang (2000:177) note,the early bilateral agreements with the United States,the European Community and Canada provided China with quite generous quota growth rates compared to other exporting countries,especially the Asian newly-industrializing countries (NIEs).Later agreements,however,reduced the growth rates and extended the quota regime to cover more products.Whereas the initial quota restrictions had mainly related to cotton textiles and clothing,the coverage was later extended to synthetic,woolen and silk products.In time more of the quotas became binding,as quota utilization rates increased.
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英语翻译Although the share of textiles and clothing in total merchandise exports has fallen steadily from 1980 onwards,as other industrial sectors developed,these products still accounted for almost one-quarter of Chinese merchandise exports at t
虽然自1980年起,纺织品和服装在商品出口中所占份额直线下降,但是与其它一些工业部门的发展一样,这些产品在新千年初期仍然几乎占我国商品出口的四分之一.然而,产业结构变化也在这些出口的构成中发生了.直到1987年,纺织品出口规模比服装出口高出大约50个百分点.但是,在1992年后,服装产品出口大约比纺织品重要了两倍.这些贸易流动使得中国在2000年的纺织品和服装贸易中赚取了380亿美元的大量盈余,这是1990年服装贸易盈余的三倍还多.与此相反,美国和欧盟却都在纺织品和服装行业产生了严重的贸易赤字.这些显著的成绩使中国出口被1984年加入的MFA限制,并在前些年开始与GATT（关贸总协定）谈判.正如钟和杨（2000：177）指出,根据早期同美国的双边协定,欧洲共同体和加拿大在中国提供了与其它出口国家相比更为优惠的配额增长率,特别是对亚洲新兴工业化国家（新兴工业经济体）.然而,后来的协定降低了这种增长率,并且完善了配额知道以涵盖更多商品.尽管最初的配额限制主要涉及棉织品和服装品,但是后来其覆盖范围扩大到人工制品、毛织品和丝绸品.在更多的配额具有约束性时,配额的利用率就提高了.
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