作业帮 > 高中作文 > 教育资讯

雅思小作文历史变迁

来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:作业帮 时间:2024/09/27 19:22:41 高中作文
雅思小作文历史变迁高中作文

篇一:解读雅思小作文写作要点

http://bailiedu.com

解读雅思小作文写作要点

雅思小作文题型多样,包括柱状图,线图,饼图,表格题,流程图以及地图等。考生要想取得高分就要掌握方法才能增加取胜的可能性。因此,本文为大家解读雅思小作文写作要点,主要针对这六种题型提供一些备考过程中所要注意的一些要点。考生要熟悉掌握,以便更好地备考。

一、柱状图

柱状图的写作,考生要懂得运用 “比较”(找出similarity)和“对比”(找出difference)的方法。这两个是写作的关键,既要横向结所有柱状图表的共性特征,也要分别描写各个柱子的个性特征。另外,考生要抓住重点与关键点来写(这些点可以是最大、小值;最高、低值;差距最大最小点等等),而不是把图中的所有数据都罗列出来。此外,也要根据一定的顺序来写,否则会因逻辑不合理而失分。

二、线图

线图主要以横轴、纵轴为主要指标(一般横轴表示时间,纵轴表示数值),以曲线的形式来表达图中所描述对象在不同的时间所对应指标的变化。

考生在审题时看清楚题目要求描写的主题对象是什么,描述的时间范围以及描述的信息单位。这些信息的捕捉的正确与否直接影响到文章是否切题。另外,考生既要注意主体段的写作中是否有具体数值的描述(不可忽略单位),也要在平时多掌握一些描述图形所运用的词汇(避免重复使用同一个词)。

三、饼图

饼图是比较容易写的一类题型。考生要在写作中表达出总量与分量的关系,在两个以上的饼中,要注意各个饼间的比较,以及清楚数据究竟代表什么。考生也要处理好如何丰富百分比的表达和“占”

http://bailiedu.com

的表达。不要一直用数字加百分比的格式,如25%。特定的数字可以采取多样的表达,如25%=a quarter of, 50%=half of。

四、表格题

表格题不仅考察的是考生的列举数字的能力和方法的运用,也考察考生怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。解答表格题,考生就要对数据间的变化与特殊显著数据的描写加以掌握并选择好顺序来描述。

五、流程图

攻克流程图的要点是掌握流程图里的“因果关系”或每一流程的“承前启后”关系;表达每一流程的主体内容,阐明这种关系,不要随意编造;揭示其内在联系或规律;最后,给予简要归纳和总结。

六、地图

地图题分为地理变迁类与选址类。在大部分考试中,一般为两到三幅图,写作顺序也非常固定,第一幅图通常为客观描述图内的事物,后面的图以上一幅图为参考,客观陈述所发生的变化包括数量,面积和方位等变化。解答此类题型并不需要大费周章的审题,挑选主要特征。但是在地图里所出现的任何事物,都需要描述。另外,地图写作中,语态用的一般都是被动语态,时态却有一般过去时,一般将来以及现在完成时,具体用哪个还需根据题目来定。突破此类题型的另一个要点是掌握方位表达和表示变化的动词,以保证词汇的多样性以和准确性。方位表达,如“A位于B的中心”为A is located/ sited in the center / middle area of B. 或是“A在河流或道路的南边/北边。”为On the south / southern side of the river. 表示数量,面积和方位等变化的词汇包括原有事物尺寸上变大/变小,如:The size of the library has been

enlarged/extended/expand/halved/reduced by half. ;原有事物被改为:A becomes B.

篇二:雅思小作文地图题——历年真题变化规律分析

在2013年4月出版的剑桥雅思真题九第一套中,首次在雅思系列真题小作文中出现历史变迁类地图。相对于2012年3次出现地图,在2013年的48场考试中共出现5次地图题,其中3次为历史变迁题。

(一)时态

地理变迁题的最大特点为“变化”。通常情况为两图前后的对比(注20131121地图题进行了三图比较),分为过去和现在的对比,现在和将来的对比。因此,首先在Body段部分我们应注意对两张图描述过程的时态变化。特别注意在两张图同时表示过去时间(以考试年份为基准)时,建议离现在较近的时间采用一般过去式,较远的为过去完成时。

(二)细节变化

对于历史变迁题的细节变化可以从“有的”“没的”两方面讨论。分析发现,变化包括三种:图形原有事物的改变,图形新添事物,保持不变。

(1) 我们先看图形原有事物的改变:

原有事物可说成:The original/previous/former garden

原有事物消失:completely disappeared/were removed/demolish(特指拆除)

原有事物被取代:A becomes B

? A is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ into B

A is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B

原有事物数量变化:The number of A has

? 增加increased/risen/grown

? 减少reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen

? 倍数doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled to

原有事物面积变化:

扩大 The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/broadened/expanded

缩减 halved/reduced /diminished (by half)

(2)图形新添事物

A newly-built ?

A new ? was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the middle of B

A new IT centre has been added to the library

e.g.The year 2000 saw two additions to the land: a pond in the northern part and a vegetable garden on the opposite side.

(3)不变:remain

(三)方位描写

在地图中,方位描写尤为重要。对于方位描写的准确性间接决定着文章是否逻辑清楚。在地图题中若没有特殊标示,默认为上北下南左西右东。建议同学在描写过程中,尝试找到一个参照物,以参照物物为基准进行描写。

在描写方位过程中,首要要关注于介词的使用。in 表A 在B 内部, ON 表A 和B接壤,TO 表A 和B 分开。

A 在B 的东方/西方/南方/北方

A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on / to the east/west/south/north of B

A 在B 内部的某个部位

A is in the eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B.

A在B 西北部的120 千米处 A lies 120 km to the northwest of B. A 在B?..角落

A is at/in the south-eastern corner of B ( at 表示A 在B 外部, in表A 在B 内部) 在河流或道路的南边/北边等

On the south/southern side of the river On both sides of the road On the other side 临近马路的地区

The area adjacent to/ near /next to/ just off the road

在道路或河流的最南端 At the southern end of the river

到目前为止,在2014年的雅思考试中已对流程图进行考核,但尚未对于地图题进行出题,希望未来三月四月份的考试生们特别关注与地图题的复习。

篇三:雅思小作文经典例文

流程图

流程图6点参考要领:

1. 找到流程图的过程,起点,终点。

2. 找到图上标出的已知动作,如果出现生词,尽量猜测。无词,用自己的语言。

3. 按照步骤,分段描述,千万不能省略任何一步。

4. 切记!加入流畅合理的表示顺序的关联词。

5. 句型以主动为主,搭配被动,以及主语从句(例如:It can be seen from the graph that…)。

6. 时态要使用一般现在时。

Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of South America, Africa and Indonesia.(开头不能一上来就直接介绍cacao tree,而是通过主题词chocolate引出,否则显得太唐突 )【流程图特点之一:介绍过程要使用一般现在时】【流程图特点之二:大量使用定语从句,将有关联的两句话连接。】【流程图特点之三:大量使用被动语态】The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans.【流程图特点之四:使用一些表示顺序的连接词】when the pods are ripe, they are harvested, the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.(三个句子的并列:“句子A,句子B and 句子C”。)During the fermenting process, the beans turn brown.【流程图特点之五:要适当地添加个别图中没有交代但能从图片中直接读出来的一些内容,否则可能达不到字数要求。但是一定要把握尺度,千万不要加上自己的主观观点,否则会扣分】

Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry. They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry. After this, the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius. After being roasted, the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed. This part is not needed for making chocolate. Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.【流程图特点之六:一般不需要写总结】

The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in seven consecutive steps. First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up by a digger.

Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay. Sand and water are added to make a homogenous mixture, which is then either formed in moulds or cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.

Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours, several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are then

transferred to a so-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. First they are kept at a moderate temperature of 200 ℃ -1300 ℃. This process is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in a cooling chamber.

Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage.

The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silkworm. 第一个图显示了,在蚕的生命过程中主要有四步。First of all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on

mulberry leaves. 首先,蛾子产出卵,每个卵用10天的时间变成蚕的幼虫, 他们以桑叶 为食。This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself. 这个阶段持续最多到六个星期,直到幼虫周围生产出茧(silk thread). After a period of about three weeks, the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again. 经过三个星期的一段时间之后, 成年的蛾子最终从茧里面出来,这个生命的循环就再一次开始了。

The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth. 茧是生产

丝绸的原材料。Once selected, they are boiled in water and the thread can be separated in the unwinding stage. 一旦被挑选出来,他们在水里煮沸,丝可以在打开的阶段中被分 离出来。Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage. 每条丝是300

到900米长,这就意味着,他们能够被缠绕在一起,染色,然后在织布阶段被用于生产布品。

Overall, the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silk worm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.

范文总结:

1. 163个字。

2. 使用了很多合适的关联词,见阴影部分。

3. 主要是简单的并列句。

4. 句型,搭配了一些被动语态。

5. 动词使用丰富:produce, feed on, last, emerge, select, boil, separate, unwind, in 10 days

during the period of 10 days

The process lasts for up to 10 days

after 10 days

10 days passed until something happened.

就这些图形,我们来总结地理变迁题的写作要点。

地图题注意要点:

1 .地图的起始点

2 .方向很重要

3 .认真阅读并尽量记住图中已有的信息

考察点:

1 .方向方位路线顺序的把握

2 .相对位置关系的描述和辨别

3 .表方位的词或者词组主要是介词的用法

4 .图中关键词的定位

The car park has been removed and replaced by a theatre.

The number of homes in Town A is likely to double

2.确定写的顺序,是按变化写还是按位置写,还是两个的综合体。

3. 描述变化,把明显的变化先划出,最好用词在图旁边描述,确定

自己要写几点。

4.句型多用被动语态。

5.时态使用一般现在时或者过去时,也可能现在完成时。表示将来的时间可以用 下列表达:be predicted/be expected to do…

一般不用将来时,用上面的结构。

It is obvious/notable/noticeable

It is easy to locate/to find that…

It can be seen from the graph that…

? 细节变化

地图每个细节变化都要提到,不要忽视一个细节

? 语态

地图题用被动语态

A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on / to the east/west/south/north of B

A 在B…..角落

A is at/in the south-eastern corner of B ( at 表示A 在B 外部, in表A 在

B 内部)

On the south/southern side of the river

临近马路的地区

The area adjacent to/ near /next to/ just off the road

? 在道路或河流的最南端

At the southern end of the river

? A 在B 的对面

A is on the opposite side of B

A is opposite B

? A 在B 东部的边界上(A 在B外部)

A is on the eastern border of B

原有事物可说成:

The original/previous/former garden

? 原有事物尺寸上变大/变小:

The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/halved/reduced by half

? 原有事物在数量上增多或减少:

The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen/

doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled to 500.

? 原有事物没了:

The farms completely disappeared/were removed.

? 原有事物被改为:

A becomes B

A is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ into B

图形新添事物

A newly-built road

A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the middle of B

篇四:雅思小作文总结

雅思小作文总结

一、评分标准

(1)任务完成情况:趋势描写,数据支持,不要画蛇添足

(2)关联词大量而准确地使用(连贯)

(3)词汇

(4)句子结构

二、写作要求

(1)客观性

不能有想象成分,总结归纳要符合逻辑。

(2)准确性

数据要求精确(不抄错),可以合理目测(大概数值)。

(3)详尽性

4类特征数据一定介绍:最大值(maximum),最小值(minimum),交叉点(intersection),变化趋势(trend)。

三、作文类型

Line graph

Pie chart

Bar chart 70%

Table

Flow graph/process diagram 20%

Others 10%

四、解题技巧

A. 表格图

1横向比较: 介绍横向各个数据的区别,变化和趋势 2纵向比较:介绍横向各个数据的区别,变化和趋势 3无需将每一个数据分别说明,突出强调数据最大值和最小值,对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的 说明:考察例举数字的能力和方法。注意怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。

B.线图

1极点说明: 对图表当中最高的,最低的点要单独进行说明

2趋势说明: 对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明,如上升,下降,波动,持平

3交点说明:

说明:关键是把握好曲线的走向和趋势,学会general classification,即在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类,使写作层次清晰。接下来在分类描述每个阶段的specific trend,同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。注意不要不做任何说明就机械性的导入数据!

C. 饼状图

1 23重点突出特点最明显的扇面:最大的,最小的,互相成倍的

D. 柱状图

1.比较: similarity 2.对比: difference)

3.横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征 & 分别描写各个柱子的个性特征

4,有年份的可按照线图的写作方法。

E. 流程图

1. 2. 准备工作 3. 4. 5.简单总结 说明:注意流程图里的“因果关系”或每一流程的“承前启后”关系;表达每一流程的主体内容,阐明这种关系;揭示其内在联系或规律;最后,给予简要归纳和总结。

F. 实物/器具工作过程

1. 2. 3. 4. 简单总结

G. 综合图

1不求甚解,不拘泥于细节2分门别类,分段落详细介绍各个图表 3不画蛇添足,主观臆断或猜测图表之间的关系 H.地图

1.历史变迁图描述不同年份的场景变化,记住实用方位词。并注意按照空间顺序描述。

2.选址题描述图中备选地点的地理优缺点。

五、写作方法

混合图:

六、写作模板

开头段句式:

1.The table/chart/diagram/graph shows (that)...

2.The figures/statistics show (that)...

3.The diagram shows/ describes/ illustrates how...

4.According to/As (is) shown in the/As can be seen from the table/chart, diagram, graph, figures

5.It can be seen/observed from the/ we can see from the…

6.It is clear/ apparent from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures (that)...

三种描述趋势的句式

雅思小作文历史变迁

1. There was/is/will be + a/an + 形容词 +变化名词 + in the number/percentage of + 被描述对象 + 时间

e.g. There was a sharp increase/decrease in the number of TV audiences from 12pm to 2 pm.

2. The number/percentage of 被描述对象 + 变化动词 + 副词 + 数据 + 时间

e.g. The number of TV audiences rose sharply from 6am to 8am.

3. 时间段 + witness/see/experience + a/an + 形容词 + 变化名词 + in the number/percentage of 被描述对象

e.g. The period between 10am and 12pm witnesses a moderate growth in the number of people in the station, with the number reaching 280 at midday.

The next hours see a dramatic rise in the number again.

描述最高点、最低点

1. 被描述对象 + reach its highest point /peak/bottom at + 数据 + 时间

e.g. At 4pm, the number reaches its bottom at 100.

At 8am, it reached its highest point at 25%.

2. peaking at/ bottoming at + 数据

e.g. After that, the number increased sharply until 1998, peaking at 20,700.

比较两个对象

The number/percentage of 被描述对象1 + was/is/will be + (much/slightly) + larger/higher/lower/smaller + than + that of 被描述对象2.

e.g. The number of business was higher than that for visits to friends and relatives.

However, for the rest of the day, the percentage

三个及以上的对象比较

被描述对象 + has/had/will have + the largest/highest/lowest/smallest + number/percentage of + 项目 + in/among 范围

e.g. USA had the highest quality of life in the five countries.

Other reasons had the smallest percentage in the four reasons.

连接手段

1. Then/ from this time onwards/ from then on

There was a rise. Then the number went down...

2. After/ before

There was a rise, before the number went down.

After a rise, there was a decrease, before the number remained stable.

3. …which was followed by/which led to/which preceded an increase/decrease

There was a rise, which was followed by a decrease.

4. 上一句最后时间词,when...

There was a rise in the number of teachers from数据in年份to数据in年份, when the number went down.

5. Again(第二次以后的上升/下降)

There was a rise. Again, the number went down.

6. However...then...(上升和下降之间)

There was a rise. However, the number then went down.

7、其他关联词:类比、对比、句子衔接

However/ compare to/ in contrast/ / similarly/ conversely/ / while

Similarly/likewise

As to/ in term of / as for

流程图模板

七、各种图表描述注意事项

WRITING TASK 1:

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-Cola. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make

comparisons where relevant.

You should write at least 150 words.

范文:

The pie chart shows the worldwide distribution of sales of Coca-Cola in the year 2000 and the graph shows the change in share prices between 1996 and 2001.

In the year 2000, Coca-Cola sold a total of 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink product

worldwide. The largest consumer was North America, where 30.4 per cent of the total volume was purchased. The second largest consumer was Latin America. Europe and Asia purchased 20.5 and 16.4 per cent of the total volume respectively, while Africa and the Middle East remained fairly small consumers at 7 per cent of the total volume of sales.

Since 1996, share prices for Coca-Cola have fluctuated. In that year, shares were valued at approximately $35. Between 1996 and 1997, however, prices rose significantly to $70 per share. They dipped a little in mid-1997 and then peaked at $80 per share in mid-98. From then until 2000 their value fell consistently but there was a slight rise in mid-2000.

篇五:2013年雅思小作文题目汇总-难题分析

2013年已经过去,下面上海环球雅思的写作老师们为考生总结了3个2013年雅思小作文难题。另外还有2013年雅思小作文新题,感兴趣的同学也可以看一下哦~

特点一:柱图,线图,表格的数量依然是前三甲,但总量较往年减少。

特点二:考到的四次混合图里都出现了柱图,这在某种程度上弥补了柱图数量的缺失;而线图和饼图的数量减少在很大程度上让度给了混合图(比去年多3次),地图(比去年多2次),表格(比去年多1次),以及流程图(比去年多1次)。

特点三:柱图偏重动态图,饼图偏重静态图,无形之中增加了题目的整体难度。

下面是2013年雅思小作文难题分析,主要的难点在于多数据描述,多时态图表和流程图和地图的难度增加。

难点一:多数据描述的图表仍旧存在。

2013.3.9

The bar chart shows average hours of housework done by women (unemployment, part time, full time) and full time working men. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

写法:

Part One:Introduction改写介绍句

Part Two: Main Body(整个主体段落都用过去时态)

Main Body 1: 首先使用最高级重点描述women no employment的趋势变化——先下降后recovered;之后用比较级描述women part-time employment的趋势,先小幅下降之后相对大幅上升与women no employment的差别narrowed。women full-time employment一笔带过。 Main Body 2:重点描述与女性形成鲜明对比的men full-time employment的状况,是最小值,前10年保持不变后来增加。

Part Three: Conclusion 概括总结:女性无论何种employment,都比男性花在家务上的时间多;而出了women no employment以外,三个数值,20年时间都是呈现上升趋势。

难点二:频现多时态图表(总数据、分数据出现在一个图表;过去时态+将来时态同时出现在一个图表中)。

2013.10.10

The chart below gives some information about the growth of urban population in certain parts of the world including the prediction of the future.

Population of the towns and cities for the percentage of the total

写法:

Part One:Introduction改写介绍句

Part Two: Main Body主体段落注意时态的变化,前面1950和2000年都用过去时态,而写2030需要用将来时态,如主语+is going to/is predicted to/is expected to+动词原形。 Part Three: Conclusion 概括总结总体趋势

难点三:流程图和地图数量和难度加大。

变迁地图应对法:

1、 注意时态。注意图中含有past, present, future的时间信息,必要时进行时态变化。

2、 注意顺序。动态地图写作时需要确定参照物,之后按照东—西—中/南—北—中/顺时针/逆时针的顺序进行描述即可。

3、 方位词。地图题一般按照“上北下南左西右东”方向排布,写作中要会使用方向性介词。

4、表示“存在”的多样性表达。如there be句型;事物主语+ be located/situated in+方位词;地方+have+事物;方位+谓语+事物的倒装句型等等。

5、表示“变迁”的多样性表达。如“拆除demolish/destruct/level off;“新建”construct, establish, pave+道路, make, repair;“改建/重建/动迁”;以及“取代”类表达如:A is replaced by B, In A’s place, B was built或者B gave way to A等等。

地图对照图的方法:

雅思小作文写法总结:

part 1: Introduction 改写题目介绍句

part 2:main body(此处段落划分一般取决于图表的个数)

main body 1: 第一句总的来说日本办公室的布局(The layout of Japanese office is based on hierarchical levels.)。接下来,分述每个方位的具体信息(注意只做客观描述,不做主观评价) main body 2: 第一句综述美国办公室的布局状况(In contrast, the American office is arranged according to department function)。后面详细介绍某个方位分别是哪些部门哪些职位。 注意:以上两段都用到了“某处有某物”的句式表达,此处同动态地图对比一致。 part 3: conclusion总结概括两个国家的办公室布局差异。

高中作文